by Xinhua writer Xu Wanhu
ISTANBUL, July 30 (Xinhua) -- Türkiye's economy is entering a tentative phase of recovery, buoyed by slowing inflation and a surprise interest rate cut by the central bank. But analysts warn that persistent structural vulnerabilities, elevated borrowing costs, and political instability could hamper the country's path to sustained stability.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) cut its benchmark policy rate by 300 basis points to 43 percent in late July, its first reduction since March and a signal that policymakers are resuming monetary easing after months of aggressive tightening.
The rate cut comes on the back of improving macroeconomic indicators. Inflation, once Türkiye's most pressing economic challenge, has eased significantly, with the annual rate dropping to 35 percent in June from a peak of nearly 75 percent in mid-2024.
Markets reacted cautiously to the move. The Turkish lira held steady against the U.S. dollar, while the benchmark BIST 100 index gained nearly 1 percent on the day of the announcement.
International credit rating agencies have also taken note of Türkiye's recent policy pivot. Moody's upgraded the country's sovereign credit rating from B1 to Ba3 and revised its outlook to "stable" last Friday, citing improved macroeconomic management and greater monetary policy coherence.
Turkish Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek welcomed the move as a sign of growing investor trust in the government's long-term strategy, and said Türkiye's economy has returned to a "positive cycle."
Türkiye has faced persistent high inflation for years. Between June 2023 and March 2024, the central bank raised its benchmark rate sharply from 8.5 percent to 50 percent. As inflation eased, it began cutting rates in December last year, lowering them by 250 basis points to 42.5 percent in March this year.
However, following the brief detention of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu on March 19 this year, market turmoil prompted the central bank to swiftly hike rates by 350 basis points to 46 percent, ending the easing cycle and coinciding with a significant drop in foreign exchange reserves.
Since then, Turkish authorities have emphasized the return of financial stability. Recent tightening measures in the past few months have lifted investor confidence, with foreign ownership of lira bonds rising from 5 to 7 percent.
Simsek said that all key financial indicators, including gross foreign exchange reserves and the main stock index BIST 100, had returned to mid-March levels as a result of the government's recent economic measures.
The central bank has pledged to maintain a "tight monetary stance" until inflation expectations are firmly anchored. Its latest statement emphasized efforts to suppress domestic demand, strengthen the lira in real terms, and guide inflation downward through cautious easing.
Yet many economists remain skeptical about the durability of the recovery and hold that Türkiye still faces longstanding challenges: reliance on short-term capital inflows, low productivity growth and an underdeveloped industrial base.
Nicholas Farr, emerging markets economist at Capital Economics, said that reasons behind the sharp rate cut were unclear, though the central bank's statement hinted at greater confidence in disinflation and easing pressure on the lira.
In reality, Türkiye's current inflation remains high by global standards. The CBRT forecast annual inflation rate would fall to 24 percent by the end of 2025, with an upper-end estimate of 29 percent, and cautioned that inflation could remain near the top of that range, citing lingering cost pressures and uncertainties in food and energy markets.
A recent Reuters poll of 34 economists also presented a cautious outlook on Türkiye's economic prospects, forecasting annual inflation will remain elevated at a median estimate of 30 percent by the end of 2025, exceeding the central bank's target.
"Political risk remains a major source of uncertainty for Turkish assets," cautioned Farr, noting that real interest rates remain above 7 percent, keeping borrowing costs elevated and exerting significant pressure on businesses and consumers alike. Complaints over expensive financing are mounting across the industrial sector.
As reported by Reuters, Koc University economist Selva Demiralp stressed that economic confidence cannot be restored until political tensions subside, a development that has not yet taken place. She pointed to a July survey revealing that inflation expectations among opposition voters are considerably higher than those of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's supporters.
As Türkiye attempts to balance growth with macroeconomic stability, analysts stress that the coming year will be critical, and a credible, rules-based policy framework, combined with structural reforms and institutional rebuilding, will be essential to turning this fragile recovery into lasting progress. ■
